Start with instruments, participants, and the forces that bring buyers and sellers together.
A market is a meeting point
Financial markets connect participants who want to buy and sell instruments. Prices emerge from orders and transactions; they are not a promise of what an asset is worth or where it will move next.
Know what you are observing
Before interpreting a chart, identify the instrument, exchange or venue, trading hours, price increment, and whether the displayed price is delayed. Shares, funds, futures, currencies, and options have different mechanics and risks.
Ask about the participants
Investors, hedgers, market makers, institutions, and short-term traders can have different reasons for transacting. A price move does not reveal every participant’s motivation. News, liquidity, positioning, and expectations can interact.
Try this exercise
Choose one instrument to observe without placing a trade. Write down its trading hours, how its price is quoted, and two questions you still need to answer. Use official exchange or instrument documentation to check the mechanics.










